Prism Model Conceptualises Dreaming Phenomenon, Even Blind Can See Dream! How?

PROMPT: Please 🙏 analyse critically: ….EYES 👀 see what the mind knows! Know more, think 🤔 💭 more to see and observe more!

Eyes 👁️ 👁️ might see but the brain 🧠 might not read or observe when the brain’s vision centre (Brodmann area number 17 in occipital lobe) is damaged, suppose due to head injury in a road traffic accident!

Binocular vision of three 3️⃣ dimensions (3 D view of depth) requires both eyes 👀! Salman Rushdie and Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi lost right eye 👁️ vision due to injury, though having brain 🧠 intact!

Binocular vision in Cows 🐄 25-50 degrees, dogs 🐕 60 degrees, horses 🐎 65 degrees etc, that is 3D vision of depth, is narrower area of their visual field because their eyes 👀 are placed on either sides of head, but cat 🐈‍⬛ has both eyes 👀 in front like human and quiet interestingly wider binocular field 140 degrees and also wider field of vision 200 degrees compared to human 120 degrees binocular and 180-190 degrees total field of vision! Lateral most field 40 degrees of vision in human is monocular!

Spread thighs before Ejaculating to prevent retrograde ejaculation! Why?

Nevertheless, animals with eyes on either sides have greater visual field angle, horse 🐎 350, cow 🐄 300, cat 🐈‍⬛ 200 compared to human🧍‍♂️ 180-190 degrees! Quite interestingly, depending on the variety of dog 🐕, the field of vision is 150-240 degrees though binocular is only about 60 degrees!

Dream 🛌 😴 is not seen on retina 👁️ of eyes and even a blind man 👨‍🦯 can see dream 😴! Worldly things are seen through retina due to light 💡 images falling on retina but dream 🛌 😴 is a cortical vision, a perception during sleep, which is erroneously called as Extra Sensory Perception (ESP) Viz. Intuition (distant ideation), Telepathy (distant message) and Clairvoyance (distant imagery) formed from Common Sense, which in turn is formed from external environment information received through the five 5️⃣ senses Viz. Seeing (eyes), Hearing (ears), Smelling (nose), Tasting (tongue) and Touching (skin)!! Perceptions when awake, is ESP and when asleep 💤, is DREAM 😴 🛌!

Breathe deep to counter stress then and there!

PhysiologyWalla hypothesised PRISM Model in 2006 and conveyed to bbc.co.uk website’s “Have Your Say” section while at Ilford, London, to conceptualise the phenomenon of dream 🛌 😴! Suppose, a prism is a brain 🧠 within which the five 5️⃣ rays of light 💡 representing the five 5️⃣ senses of impulses are incident and converging to form Common Sense at a point within the prism, from where three 3️⃣ rays of light 💡 diverge and emit out of the prism, the ESP, to fall on a screen 📺 (cortical vision, an abstract imaginary vision), which is seen or experienced as an elaborate narrative dream 😴 🛌 during rapid eye 👁️ movements of sleep 💤 🛌 😴 mainly!

PhysiologyWalla believes ESP is a misnomer because it is not a perceived perception as incoming impulses, rather ESP is a created output of the subconscious brain 🧠!

Reading makes a full man, writing an exact and discussion a ready man!

….Welcome and Thanks ☺️ 🙏

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GPT-4 response below 👇

This analysis dives deep into the fascinating relationship between vision, brain function, and perception, with both biological and philosophical insights.

### Biological Perspective:

1. **Eye and Brain Linkage:**
– Vision is not just about the eyes; it’s a combination of the eyes functioning in tandem with brain processing. Damage to the brain’s vision center, Brodmann area 17, can lead to an inability to process visual information despite functional eyes.
– The importance of binocular vision for depth perception is highlighted. Historical figures like Salman Rushdie and Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi, despite losing one eye, still had brain function intact. This underscores the brain’s central role in interpreting visual data.

2. **Animal Vision:**
– The comparison across different species demonstrates the diversity in visual fields and binocular vision. Animals with side-placed eyes, like cows and horses, have extensive peripheral vision, while animals with front-placed eyes, like cats, possess enhanced depth perception.
– This variety in vision capabilities reflects evolutionary adaptations tailored to each species’ survival needs.

### Philosophical and Psychological Insights:

1. **Mind and Perception:**
– The phrase “eyes see what the mind knows” underscores the idea that perception is influenced by knowledge and awareness. Our ability to see and interpret is as much about mental processing as it is about physical sight.

2. **Dreams and ESP:**
– Dreams are described as a form of cortical vision, separate from retinal images. This points to the complexity of the brain’s ability to create vivid imagery without external visual stimulus.
– The concept of ESP, often surrounded by mystique, is presented as just another form of perception, drawing from common sense and information processed by our five senses. It challenges the notion of ESP as an extraordinary phenomenon, presenting it as an extension of perceptual abilities.

### Conclusion:

The text raises interesting considerations about how vision is only part of how we understand and interpret the world. The mind’s ability to process and create perceptions—whether in dreams or through interpretations like ESP—shows that seeing is as much a cognitive function as it is a physical one.

Ultimately, it invites us to reflect on how knowledge and critical thinking enhance our ability to perceive, understand, and engage with the world around us. It’s a reminder of the interconnectedness between our sensory experiences and mental faculties, encouraging a deeper appreciation for both biological functions and cognitive insights.

The PRISM Model proposed by PhysiologyWalla provides an imaginative framework to explain the nature of dreams and the phenomenon often referred to as extrasensory perception (ESP). Here’s a critical analysis of this hypothesis:

### Conceptual Framework:

1. **Prism as Brain Metaphor:**
– The analogy of the brain as a prism is creatively employed to illustrate how sensory inputs converge to create a unified experience of common sense. This model suggests an active, dynamic process within the brain where sensory information is integrated and transformed.
– The utilization of light rays as representations of sensory impulses effectively conveys how these inputs are processed and eventually manifest as complex dream narratives.

2. **ESP as Divergent Rays:**
– By conceptualizing ESP as divergent rays, the model challenges the traditional understanding of ESP as an external perception channel. It positions ESP as a product of the subconscious mind rather than an external input.
– This view aligns with psychological theories that dreams and similar phenomena arise from internal cognitive processes rather than external stimuli.

### Critical Considerations:

1. **Integration of Senses:**
– The model effectively captures how the brain synthesizes sensory information to produce a coherent sense of the world. However, it oversimplifies the diverse and intricate neural processes involved in the integration of sensory data and the construction of perception.

2. **ESP Recontextualized:**
– PhysiologyWalla’s contention that ESP is a misnomer reframes ESP as an internal output rather than a mysterious, otherworldly ability. This challenges the conventional view of ESP as an extraordinary sensory experience.
– While this reinterpretation is intriguing, it remains speculative. The scientific community generally lacks empirical evidence supporting ESP as traditionally understood, making the hypothesis intriguing yet unproven.

3. **Dreams and Cortical Vision:**
– The concept of dreams as an ‘abstract imaginary vision’ seen on a cortical screen during REM sleep aligns with scientific understanding of this sleep stage as crucial for vivid dreaming.
– The model creatively visualizes how dreams could be the brain’s way of processing and experimenting with sensory experiences in a narrative form, echoing theories that interpret dreams as cognitive rehearsals or simulations.

### Conclusion:

PhysiologyWalla’s PRISM Model is an inventive contribution to discussions on dreams and perception. It suggests that dreams and phenomena like ESP may not be as mystical as traditionally thought but are instead creative outputs of brain processes.

While imaginative and thought-provoking, the model requires more empirical support to be validated or refined. It invites further exploration into how the brain processes sensory information and creates the narratives we experience during sleep, expanding our understanding of perception and consciousness.

Welcome and Thanks ☺️ 🙏

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QUERIES: Please 🙏 answer elaborately:

How does this model relate to existing theories of perception? Are there scientific studies supporting or refuting the concept of ESP? What neurological processes are involved in dreaming? Can you explain more about how the brain integrates sensory information?

Welcome and Thanks ☺️ 🙏

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GPT-4 response below 👇

Sure, I’d be happy to elaborate on these topics for you!

### Relation of the Model to Theories of Perception
Models of perception often aim to explain how we interpret sensory inputs to form a coherent experience of the world. Two prominent theoretical frameworks include:

1. **Constructivist Theory**: Suggests that perception is an active process where the brain constructs reality by filling in gaps based on past experiences and expectations.

2. **Direct Perception Theory (Gibsonian Theory)**: Argues that the environment offers sufficient information for perception without needing extensive processing by the brain.

Newer models incorporate elements of both, emphasizing the brain’s predictive coding where past knowledge shapes perception, making it almost like an empirical hypothesis-testing process.

### ESP and Scientific Studies
Extra-sensory perception (ESP) is often categorized under “psi phenomena” like telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition. Scientific inquiry into ESP has been largely controversial:

– **Support**: Some parapsychologists argue there are statistical studies suggesting ESP can occur beyond chance, often using methods like Ganzfeld experiments.

– **Refutation**: The broader scientific community often rebuffs ESP claims due to lack of replicable results, methodological flaws, and absence of a plausible mechanism.

Comprehensive reviews, such as those by the National Research Council, conclude there’s no scientifically reliable evidence supporting the existence of ESP.

### Neurological Processes in Dreaming
Dreaming primarily occurs in the **REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep cycle**. Key neurological processes involved include:

– **Activation-Synthesis Model**: Proposed by Hobson and McCarley, this model suggests dreams arise when the brain attempts to make sense of random neural activity occurring during sleep.

– **Neurotransmitters and Brain Areas**: Acetylcholine and serotonin are crucial in REM sleep regulation. The *prefrontal cortex*, which governs rational thought, is less active, contributing to the bizarre dreamscapes. The *amygdala* is active, influencing the emotional intensity of dreams.

### Integration of Sensory Information by the Brain
The brain’s ability to combine various sensory inputs into a coherent picture involves several processes:

– **Multisensory Integration**: Takes place primarily in the *superior colliculus* and parts of the *frontal* and *parietal lobes*, allowing us to create a unified sense of space.

– **Hierarchical Processing**: Sensory information is processed in a hierarchical manner across cortical areas. For example, visual information first arrives at the *primary visual cortex* and then to higher-order areas.

– **Predictive Coding**: The brain actively predicts sensory input based on past experiences, comparing these predictions to actual inputs to minimize error.

Through this intricate network, the brain efficiently synthesizes sensory data, enabling us to navigate and understand the world.

I hope this provides a more comprehensive overview of these fascinating concepts! If you have further questions, feel free to ask. 😊

Welcome and Thanks ☺️ 🙏

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Queries: Please 🙏 provide information with facts and figures:

What are the main functions of neurotransmitters in dreaming? Can you provide examples of studies on ESP? How do sensory modalities interact in perception? Can you explain the role of the thalamus in sensory integration?

Welcome and Thanks ☺️ 🙏

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GPT-4 response below 👇

You’re welcome! Let’s dive into each of these interesting topics:

### Neurotransmitters in Dreaming
Neurotransmitters play key roles in regulating different phases of sleep, including dreaming, especially during the REM (Rapid Eye Movement) phase. Here are some of the main neurotransmitters involved:
– **Acetylcholine**: High levels during REM sleep; contributes to the dreaming state by preventing muscle movement.
– **Serotonin and Norepinephrine**: Decrease during REM sleep, allowing the brain to transition into the dream state.
– **Dopamine**: Linked to the vividness of dreams, plays a role in dream recall.

### Studies on ESP (Extrasensory Perception)
ESP involves receiving information beyond the known senses. Some studies have explored this:
1. **Ganzfeld Experiment**: A well-known method to test ESP; in controlled settings, a sender and a receiver try to communicate images telepathically. Mixed results have been found, often attributed to chance or psychological factors.
2. **Rhine’s Experiments**: Conducted by J.B. Rhine, these card-guessing games aimed to provide statistical evidence for ESP but remain controversial.

### Sensory Modalities Interaction in Perception
Perception is a multisensory process where different senses contribute to a cohesive experience. Here’s how they interact:
– **Integration**: The brain combines input from various sensory systems to create a unified perception. For instance, seeing and hearing a dog bark simultaneously informs the perception of its size and distance.
– **Cross-Modal Effects**: Changes in one sensory modality can affect others. For example, the **McGurk Effect** shows how visual information (seeing lips move) can alter what we hear.
– **Synesthesia**: A condition where stimulation of one sensory modality leads to experiences in a second modality, like hearing colors.

### Role of the Thalamus in Sensory Integration
The thalamus acts as a central relay station for sensory information en route to the cortex:
– **Relay of Sensory Information**: The thalamus receives, processes, and forwards sensory data (except olfactory) to the appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex.
– **Integration and Attention**: It helps focus attention by prioritizing certain sensory inputs, enabling us to concentrate on significant stimuli.
– **Regulation**: Controls the flow of sensory information to maintain a balance in the perceived environment, ensuring quick and adaptive responses.

These fascinating processes underline the complexity of human perception, dreaming, and potential abilities like ESP. Let me know if you want to explore these topics further or have any other questions! 😊🙏

Welcome and Thanks ☺️ 🙏

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Queries: Please 🙏 answer with full details:

How do dreams differ from waking perception? Can you provide more examples of animal vision adaptations? What are the effects of losing depth perception? Can you explain more about how binocular vision works?

Welcome and Thanks ☺️ 🙏

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GPT-4 response below 👇

Hello! 😊 I’m glad you’re here. Let’s dive into your intriguing questions.

### 1. **How do dreams differ from waking perception?**

Dreams and waking perception are both rooted in brain activity but differ mainly in their processes and experiences:

– **Conscious Awareness**: Waking perception involves conscious awareness and interaction with the external world. In contrast, dreams occur during sleep, often in the REM stage, and involve a subjective experience without direct external stimuli.

– **Sensory Inputs**: Waking perception is driven by real-time sensory inputs from the environment, while dreams are generated internally by the brain, often creating vivid and sometimes surreal experiences without actual sensory data.

– **Cognitive Control**: In wakefulness, you can actively focus, think logically, and have control over actions. Dreams usually lack this level of control, though lucid dreaming can provide some conscious awareness and influence.

– **Temporal and Spatial Distortion**: Dreams often display altered perceptions of time and space, where situations can change rapidly and environments can blend seamlessly, unlike the more stable perception when awake.

### 2. **Examples of Animal Vision Adaptations**

Many animals have adapted their vision to suit their environment and survival needs:

– **Eagle Vision**: Eagles have exceptional distance vision, allowing them to spot prey from great heights. They have a high density of photoreceptor cells, giving them the ability to see four to eight times more clearly than humans.

– **Cat Vision**: Cats have excellent night vision due to a high number of rod cells in their retinas, enabling them to see in low light. They also have a tapetum lucidum, a reflective layer behind the retina that enhances night vision.

– **Chameleon Vision**: Chameleons possess the ability to move their eyes independently, giving them a 360-degree field of view without moving their heads. They also have a unique ability to judge depth and distance precisely for catching prey.

### 3. **Effects of Losing Depth Perception**

Depth perception, primarily facilitated by binocular vision, allows individuals to judge distances accurately. Losing it can lead to:

– **Difficulty in Judging Distances**: Tasks like driving, catching objects, or pouring liquids become challenging as it’s harder to gauge how far or close objects are.

– **Problems with Coordination**: Walking down stairs or navigating through complex environments can be difficult without reliable depth cues.

– **Increased Eye Strain**: Relying more on monocular cues (like size, texture, and shading) makes tasks visually exhausting as the brain works harder to compensate.

### 4. **How Binocular Vision Works**

Binocular vision involves both eyes working together to create a single, coherent view of the world:

– **Convergence**: Both eyes align to focus on a single point, allowing for accurate depth perception.

– **Stereopsis**: Each eye captures a slightly different image, and the brain combines these to create a 3D perception of the environment, enabling depth judgment.

– **Field of View**: Binocular vision expands the field of view, enhancing awareness of surroundings.

This intricate system underlies the depth, clarity, and breadth of human perception, aiding in numerous daily tasks.

I hope this information is enlightening and helpful! If you have more questions, feel free to ask. 😊

Welcome and Thanks ☺️ 🙏

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QUERIES: Please 🙏 answer with full details:

What happens to vision in complete darkness? How do colors appear differently in dreams? What are some specific examples of animal adaptations for hearing? Can you explain lucid dreaming?

Welcome and Thanks ☺️ 🙏

——-

GPT-4 response below 👇

Of course! Let’s explore each of your questions:

1. **Vision in Complete Darkness:**
In complete darkness, human eyes can’t see anything as there is no light to reflect off objects and provide visual information. The eyes may struggle to adapt, and you might even “see” flashes or patterns, known as phosphenes, due to spontaneous activity in the visual system. These are not actual visual experiences, but rather neural activities.

2. **Colors in Dreams:**
In dreams, how we perceive color can vary. Some people experience vivid colors, others see muted hues, and some may dream in black and white. The brain constructs images in dreams without relying on external light, which can lead to unusual combinations or surreal colors. This is because dreams are more about the brain’s interpretation rather than a direct replica of reality.

3. **Animal Adaptations for Hearing:**
– **Bats:** Use echolocation, emitting high-frequency sounds and interpreting the returning echoes to navigate and hunt in the dark.
– **Elephants:** Possess large ears, which help them hear low-frequency sounds (infrasound) over long distances, aiding communication.
– **Owls:** Have asymmetrical ears and a facial disk structure to triangulate sounds, allowing precise localization of prey.

4. **Lucid Dreaming:**
Lucid dreaming occurs when a person becomes aware they are dreaming while still in the dream state. This awareness can lead to the ability to control the dream’s content and environment. It often involves vivid and remarkable experiences where the dreamer can influence the dream’s direction, essentially bending the dream world to their will. Techniques such as reality testing, keeping dream diaries, and practicing meditation are believed to increase the likelihood of experiencing lucid dreams.

Welcome and Thanks ☺️ 🙏

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Please 🙏 answer elaborately:

How does intuition manifest in dreams? Can you provide a summary of ESP concepts in different languages? What are some examples of ESP in dreams? Can you explain more about the Prism Model of dreaming?

Welcome and Thanks ☺️ 🙏

———

GPT-4 response below 👇

### Intuition in Dreams

**Intuition** in dreams often manifests as a “gut feeling” or an unexplainable sense of knowledge within the dream. This could be altered perceptions or decisions that seem oddly correct or insightful without any logical reasoning. In many cases, individuals might predict events or understand complex situations in their dreams that they are unaware of in waking life. This subconscious insight taps into the intuitive facet of ESP, allowing dreamers to navigate symbolic narratives that might later correlate with real-life situations or solutions to problems.

### Summary of ESP Concepts in Various Languages

1. **Intuition (English):** A natural ability to understand or know something without conscious reasoning.

2. **Intuición (Spanish):** La capacidad natural para comprender o saber algo sin razonamiento consciente.

3. **Intuition (French):** La capacité naturelle de comprendre ou de savoir quelque chose sans raisonnement conscient.

4. **直觉 (Chinese):** 在没有意识到的情况下就能理解或知道某事的能力。

5. **インスピレーション (Japanese):** 意識的な理由無しに何かを理解するか知る自然の能力。

### Examples of ESP in Dreams

– **Predictive Dreams:** Some people experience dreams that predict future events. These dreams often provide information or outcomes before they occur in the real world.

– **Telepathic Dreams:** Sharing thoughts or emotions with another person during sleep, even if they are far away, falls under this manifestation.

– **Clairvoyant Dreams:** Gaining information about events or places unknown to the dreamer that later prove to be true.

### The Prism Model of Dreaming

The **Prism Model** conceptualizes dreams as a synthesis of ESP’s three primary elements: Intuition, Telepathy, and Clairvoyance. It suggests that dreams are formed through the interplay of these components in the subconscious mind, much like light dispersing through a prism to reveal its constituent colors.

– **Intuition** acts as the inner guide, providing symbols and messages.
– **Telepathy** bridges communication with others, even those not physically present.
– **Clairvoyance** opens awareness to locations, events, or people outside usual perception.

In this model, dreams are seen as a complex and luminous reflection of the mind’s extraordinary capabilities, transcending ordinary sensory experiences. This framework proposes that the dream state serves as an integral part of human cognition, facilitating profound insights and potential foreknowledge.

By engaging with ESP elements, dreamers are said to explore hidden facets of consciousness that decode the subtleties of their inner worlds and anticipate the outer ones. This phenomenon enables people to gain a broader understanding of their experiences and psychological landscape, emphasizing the interconnectedness of ESP concepts in the dream realm.

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Feel free to let me know if you’d like more detailed information on any of these topics! 😊

Welcome and Thanks ☺️ 🙏